Divorce, Children, Financial Arrangements – FAQ
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Financial Arrangements on Divorce
The settling of financial matters on Divorce is sometimes far more complex that the Divorce itself.
The Law in this area is very flexible to enable Courts to achieve fairness depending on the individual circumstances of each case.
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If you cannot reach an agreement in respect of financial matters, you will be expected to attend Mediation in the hope of concluding matters. In the event Mediation is unsuccessful, an application to the Court will be made.
The Matrimonial Causes Act 1973 sets out the factors to be considered by the Court in deciding what is fair. They include:
- The welfare of a child of the family;
- The income, earning capacity, property and resources of each person;
- The financial needs, obligations and responsibilities of each person;
- The standard of living enjoyed by the family before the breakdown of the marriage;
- The age of each person and the duration of the marriage;
- Any physical or mental disability;
- The contribution made by each person to the welfare of the family including looking after the home and bringing up children;
- The conduct of each person but only if it is so bad it would be unfair to ignore it;
- Any serious disadvantage to either person which would be caused by ending the marriage.
Not all applications result in the Court making the final decision. There are opportunities for parties to reach an agreement at any stage, before the Final Hearing, as negotiations can be ongoing. It is advisable to obtain legal advice before discussing settlement proposals.
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The short answer is no, you can conclude matters without having to attend at Court. However, this will depend on whether your spouse is cooperative. In some cases where one party simply will not engage, the only way to bring a conclusion to matters is through the Court. Alternatively, should parties be willing to address matters amicably and are able to reach an agreement, matters will be concluded without the need for Court proceedings. Many parties have the assistance of a Solicitor to advise on what may be a fair division, highlight the options for achieving this and negotiate on their behalf. Having a Solicitor during negotiations can also reduce animosity between the parties.
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Often a family’s main asset is the family home. Given that the needs of any children are the first consideration, it will be important to make sure that a suitable home is maintained for them. It may be that the family home can be sold with the proceeds divided between the parties (not necessarily in equal shares), or the property is transferred into one party’s sole name while the other party receives a lump sum for their interest. This would depend upon the other available assets.
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The law allows a pension fund to be shared on divorce. Pension sharing will not be appropriate in all cases and where it is an option, the fund will not always be divided equally. This is a complex area, and it is highly likely that specialist advice will be needed on how sharing can be achieved in each individual set of circumstances.
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When parties separate, it is extremely important that the division of assets are addressed. Upon a financial agreement being reached, such will be recorded in a Court Order, of which is subsequently sealed by the Court. This Order can provide you with a Clean Break, of which severs all financial ties between the parties. Should a Clean Break Order not be obtained, either party could seek to make a financial claim against the other at some stage in the future. Therefore, it is advisable to address and conclude matters when the relationship comes to an end, to ensure your financial future is protected.
Divorce
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A Divorce is the legal process of ending a marriage.
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In order to issue a Divorce Petition, you need to have been married for at least a year.
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The sole ground for a divorce is that the marriage has irretrievably broken down.
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Typically, a Divorce can take 28 weeks, however complex financial matters, child arrangements and the lack of co-operation from one party can cause extensive delay.
Once a Divorce Application has been issued and the Respondent has returned the Acknowledgement of Service, the Application is then in a 20 week holding period. Following such, you can then apply for your Conditional Order, which is an Interim Order granted by the Court when the ground for Divorce is established. You can then apply for your Final Order of Divorce 6 weeks and 1 day after the pronouncement of the Conditional Order. A Final Order will legally dissolve your marriage.
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You are unable to re-marry until you have received your Final Order of Divorce from the Court, legally dissolving your marriage.
Arrangements for Children after Divorce or Separation
If you are contemplating Divorce or Separation from your Partner, your first concern will probably be about where your children will live and how they will retain contact with both parents.
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When you separate from each other, you will both continue to be parents. Therefore it is important to make sure that the process of unravelling your marriage or relationship does not stop you being able to co-operate on what is best for your children. A constructive approach through the Divorce or Separation will lay the best foundations for the children to feel settled with the new family relationship.
Negotiation is important as agreements reached together are more likely to work in the long term.
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You will be expected to attend a mediation information and assessment meeting (“MIAM”) with a mediator to determine whether the issues in dispute are capable of settlement through mediation or any other non Court based form of dispute resolution. Certain cases are exempt from the requirement to attend a MIAM meeting. Once a mediator has seen you and your spouse/ partner, a form FM1 will be signed to indicate whether or not mediation is appropriate for your case. If mediation is not appropriate or does not result in concluding the issues, Court proceedings may be issued.
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The Children Act 1989 is the legislation which deals with family disputes about children. The child’s welfare is the paramount consideration when the Court consider any question in relation to the upbringing of a child. The Court will apply what is known as the “Welfare Checklist” to help it make a decision. The Welfare Checklist looks at:-
● The wishes and feelings of the child (considered in the light of his/her age and understanding).
● His/her physical, emotional and education needs.
● The likely effect of any change in his/her circumstances
● His/her age, sex, background and any characteristics which the Court considers relevant.
● Any harm which he/she has suffered or is at risk of suffering.
● How capable each parent is of meeting his/her needs.

